Dave's OSI page


In the 70's, personal computers were a fresh idea.  Your choice of computer was as much an individual expression as your choice of car.  One of the earliest makers of complete computer systems was a small company called Ohio Scientific.  They specialized in bare boards and kits for hobbyists, later focusing on fully built, integrated systems.  I bought my C2-4P used in 1978, after hanging out at computer stores and drooling over PET, Apple, and the C2-4P for a couple of years.  The Challengers were perhaps the most conducive to hacking because of their spacious layout, modular design, and simple bus structure.  There are other sites that recount the history of these machines and the company that made them (see the links section.)  Recently, I dug out my old C2, removed lots of blue wires, restored many traces (I would like to add a hacks page later) and got my machine back to the familiar C/W/M? prompt.

This archive is a repository for OSI thoughts, tips, tricks, hacks, literature and software.  I'm attempting to arrange it in as sane a fashion as possible.

Your OSI doesn't work?  Don't panic. . .

You can almost certainly fix your machine, perhaps with a bit of help.  Even back in the day, OSI owners have traditionally, as a group, been familiar with the guts of our machines, and most have spent many a late hour chasing down bugs, hacking in hardware mods, and intefacing with foreign objects.  And OSI machines are generally simple to understand and (usually) to fix.

To start, take a look at this article  from Peek(65)  Vol 6, issue 11.   If you have a C1,C2, C4, C8, Superboard, or similar system, then check out the SAMS manuals (in the Manuals section below).  Also, Prof. Mark Csele has a nicely illustrated discussion of some specific debugging hints on his web page.  Also, check out the Tips and Tricks section below.  Post on the OSIweb forums.   Also, there are some online groups of vintage computer enthusiasts that don't specifically focus on OSI, but have accumulated wisdom about computer hardware, and probably more than a couple OSI enthusiasts.  You may get some help on the classic computer mailing list (the cctalk list; check out http://www.classiccmp.org, and also check out the Mid Atlantic Retro-Computer Hobbyist (MARCH) Website and  Yahoo group. You can also contact me directly by email, through the forums.

If you have an OSI, or OSI parts that you just don't feel motivated to repair or maintain, or OSI software or documentation that you would like to share with the world, then consider contributing it to the OSI archive.

If you want to just chat privately, you can email me at my osiweb.org address (dave, of course).  Or register for the forums, and send a private message or email from there.


OSI Hardware

Third Party Hardware
Software
Journals
Manuals
Books

Tips, Tricks, Notes
Links
Credits


OSI Forums

WISH LIST:

I welcome contributions, especially of software and scanned (or paper) manuals, stories, tips, tricks, hacks, and other info.  I am also interested in working and non-working OSI hardware, either photos or the real thing.  I am particularly interested in any information on the following:

Also, any information about, or working or non-working specimens of the following:

I'd love to hear from any other OSI'ers.  Please check out the Forums section of the archive, and post any comments, corrections, or memories for all of us to enjoy! You can also email me privately via the Forums section.

News (Dec 2011)

20-Dec-2011:Added 65V-loadable format Memory test utility, and game of Nim from the OSI Small Systems Journal.  Contributed by Philip Lord.

09-Dec-2011:Added the SAMS C1P service manual, courtesy of Bill Degnan.

 

 

More News



OSI Hardware:

The most comprehensive listing of OSI boards, with variants and manuals, is the OSI Board Catalog at Mark's Lab. Definitely check the site out.  I have collected schematics of several boards here, many from my own scans, several contributed by Mark, and several contributed by other kind OSI enthusiasts.  Thanks so much to those who have contributed.  I'm always looking out for more high-quality scans to archive here.

 

Board

Description

420C

4K x 8- or optionally 12- bit static memory board, with (optional switched) battery backup.  Courtesy of Bill Dromgoole.

430B

Super I/O board. 8 Parallel IO, UART Serial IO, RS232 / Cassette interface, 1 ADC w 8-channel multiplexer, 2 DAC, Z-unblank one-shot, fast pulse output.  Courtesy of Bill Dromgoole.

440

Early OSI video card,1K RAM, 32 x 32 characters, similar to C1P video.  Can use a dedicated 420 memory card for 128 x 128 pixel graphics.  Courtesy of Bill Dromgoole.

470
(pic)

Disk controller card.  The interface contained a 6820 PIA for control lines, and a 6850 ACIA to read and write data to the disk.  The board requires separated data/clock signals, provided by several 8" drives, but very few 5.25" drives.  The MPI B-51 drive was the standard OSI mini-floppy, and held 40 tracks with 2k per track.  There were many articles in PEEK(65) on how to improve the disk interface, build data separators, etc.  Some of these are in the scan section.  Apparently, the PIA could be populated alone, for use as a parallel I/O card.

480

8-slot backplane for backplane-based C2-8P / C8P / C3 systems. Courtesy of Bill Dromgoole.
500

6502-based CPU with on-board 8K BASIC-in-ROM, ROM monitor in 3 x 1702 EPROMS (256 bytes each), 4K RAM as 16 x 2102 chips, 6850-based serial port with 20-ma current loop or RS-232 interface; 6820-based parallel port.  Courtesy of Bill Dromgoole.

502
(pic)

Successor to the 500 board.  6502-based CPU with on-board 8K BASIC-in-ROM, 2K ROM monitor (with a complex addressing scheme to allow physical remapping of 256-byte ROM pages, to maintain compatibility with the 1702-based monitor code from the 500 board), 8K RAM as 16 x 2114 chips, 6850-based serial port with audio cassete, 20 ma current loop, or RS-232 interface.  The parallel interface was dropped in this version. 

505
(pic)

Like the 502, but for disk-based systems.   Omits the BASIC-in-ROM and the KCS cassette interface, but adds a 470-equivalent floppy interface.

525
Dual port static RAM board.  (Thanks to Jonathan for the contribution.)

527
(pic)

24K RAM board.  With forty-eight 2114 chips, this board required it's own power supply, separate from the main supply.

540A
(pic)

Second-generation video board with 64x32 characters and guard bands (First generation was the 440, with 32x32 characters and no guard bands, similar to the circuit in the Superboard/Challenger I).  We loved this card because it was so hackable.

540 rev B (pic)

Design similar to the 540A, but adds 4-bits of color.

542 rev B
(pic)

Keyboard to accompany the 540B.

550
16 port serial board (for multiuser systems) (Thanks to Jonathan for the contribution.)

555

Pics

"Jungle Board" multi-function RAM+I/O board.  I believe this was designed for the C3 multi-user and CPM systems. It contains 8K RAM in two blocks, 4 Serial ports, a "Network Node Interface" for multi-user systems, Centronics and NEC-wordprocessor compatible parallel interfaces.
560Z
"Processor Lab" board.  This unique and remarkable board contains a Z80 and intersil 6100, with control of the 6100 and Z-80 chips by the host 6502, which can emulate I/O and other instructions to provide full PDP-8 emulation, Z-80 I/O compatibility, 8080 compatibility, etc.  The 6202 assembly source code for PDP-8 IOT emulation, and Z80 I/O emulation is here.  Courtesy of Bill Dromgoole (Thanks!)

590

Hard Disc controller board.

600

Sold as the "superboard", or with a case and power supply as the Challenger I.  This was a single board system incorporating a built-in keyboard, 8K BASIC-in-ROM, 2K ROM monitor (without the complex remapping scheme), 8K 2114 RAM, 32x32 char video with 1K 2114 RAM (similar to the 440 card), and a serial port with audio cassette or RS-232 capabilities.  Hook up a power supply and monitor, and this is a complete computer system, like an Apple II, but for $279.

600 rev B

Revision B of the 600 Board.  Similar to the original.  (Thanks to Frank for the contribution.)

600 rev C

Like the original, but with an extra 1k x 4-bit video RAM for color

600 rev D

Like the rev C.

610

Expansion for the 600 superboard/C1P.  Floppy interface, 24K RAM (Thanks to Mike P.)

630


Color, I/O, interface board for 2nd generation C1P (Contributed by Mike P.  Thanks!)

 

Third Party Hardware:

 

Board
Description

D & N MEM-CM9

D & N Products MEM-CM9 24K RAM (as 48 2115 chips) and OSI-compatible floppy controller card.  This is equivalent to an OSI 527 card and a 470 card in a  single slot.  The RAM is addressable as an 8K block and a 16K block, which can be placed anywhere in the 64K memory space, and also can be assigned a RAM segment withing a multiple-64K memory space for a multiuser environment. (Courtesy of Steve Gray)

D & N 8K

8K RAM board.

 

 

 

 

 

Manuals

 

OS65V Manual

A beginner's tutorial on 6502 machine-language programming, featuring the (primitive by any standard) OS-65V monitor program.

OS65V instructions

OS 65V commands

Very brief list of OS-65V commands

C4P Manual

The C4P User's manual.  Shipped with C4P systems.

C1P Manual The C1P User's Manual - (thanks to Mark)
C1P and C1PMF Introductory Manual
An introductory manual for the C1P series II.  Thanks to Steve Gray for the scan.

C4p Manual (different scan)

Looks like a scan of an older version; longer, but with plainer typesetting.  Much of the contents appear similar.

OS65D Reference Card

The reference card included with my shiny new OS65D binder when I got my disk upgrade.

Notes on ROM Basic

A scan of a bootleg version of the (I believe) Aardvark notes on ROM Basic.  If you have a better version, let me know!

 

 

OS-65D V3.2 Dissasembly Manual

A very thoroughly annotated disassembly of OS-65D.  Every little trick, bug, secret, and wart is exposed.  If you're looking into any OS-65D mods, development, or disk interfacing, this is your resource.

OSI 8K BASIC in ROM MANUAL

This is the manual for the Microsoft 8K ROM Basic (rev 3.2) that shipped with the C1/2/4/8 machines.

OS65D v3.0 User Manual

Usermanual for OS65D v3.0.  (Thanks to Frank)

OS65D Tutorial and Ref Manual
Tutorial and reference for OS65D. The original OSI-supplied documentation. (Thanks to Mike P.)

SAMS C1P Service Manual

SAMS repair manual for the Superboard II/C1P/C1PMF.  This is for the original version with the black and white video output, and covers the 600 CPU board, as well as the 610 Disk/memory card.  Thanks to Bill Degnan for the contribution.

SAMS C4P Service Manual

This is the SAMS repair manual for C2/C4, including 502, 505, 527, 540, and 542 Boards.  Full color.  Large file!

Cegmon User's Guide

User manual for the CEGMON replacement monitor ROM.  Thanks to Graeme!
Hexdos User Guide
User guide for the HexDos mini-os for the C1P.   Contributed by Graeme!
MPI B51 Drive Manual
This is the drive used by OSI for all their 5.25" drive models.  The manual has a lot of useful information on maintenance, as well as complete schematics.

 

Books:

Micro on the OSI Compilation of Micro articles for OSI
Third Book of OSI
This is based on an expansion system for 6502 micros.  Articles describe the ELCOMP expansion bus, and projects based on the bus: 6522/6520 I/0, EPROM programmer, Sound card, memory cards, A/D converter.  It seems useful, but not much OSI stuff that can stand on its own.

 

Tips, Tricks, and Notes:

 

osi-hardware.txt

A list of known OSI boards.  If you have additions, let me know!

4116to5164.txt

Notes on replacing 4116 triple-supply chips with 4164 5V-supply chips, which are also cheaper and easier to find.  Lifted from the video-game repair community archives.

Keyboard Switch Repair
A beautifully detailed guide to repairing the key switches.  Large PDF, but worth the download.  Lots of pictures.  Thanks to Josh for the contribution!

DiskDriverRoutines.txt

Notes on the Disk driver routines for OSI Disk BASIC

OSI-rom-notes.txt

A few notes on various OSI Roms, by Mark Spankus.

osi-replacement-parts.txt

Notes on modern replacements for hard-to-find OSI components

Howto_Cegmon.txt

How to modify a 502 board (and CEGMON ROM) to use the CEGMON monitor with minimal surgery.

50x30_Char_Conversion.pdf

Instructions for converting C1 display to 64 x 32 (no guard bands).  Contributed by Frank (Thanks!)

OSI600_RAM_ROM.zip
C1P/600 board mod for 32K on board.  Moves BASIC to a single 27C64, and adds a 32K RAM chip.

Links:

 

 

 

Mark's Ohio Scientific/Compukit UK101 Archive

An excellent pan-OSI emulator for Windows, WinOSI, by Mark Spankus.  Mark also has plenty of other goodies, many of which are on this site.  Much material on this site was contributed by Mark (unattributed, unfortunately)

Ed's DX-Forth and Utilities Page

BASIC Garbage collector bugfix; several very useful utilities including audio tape decoding tools.

Professor Mark Csele's OSI page

Lots of great OSI info, including many beautiful hardware photos, and detailed descriptions of several hacks and mods to get your machine up and running.  Very helpful.

Steve Gray's OSI / C4P page

Great C4P and Superboard II pictures and scans, including some uncommon hardware and custom cases.

The Compukit 101 Homepage

A comprehensive site dedicated to the Compukit 101, with plenty of scanned articles, manuals, software, and an emulator.

Compukit 101

Another nice compukit 101 site, with pictures.

Doublebit Software

A C1P site with a C1P emulator for windows

6502.org

A resource for 6502 programmers.  Useful resources include a code library, forums, and hardware designs.

cc65 - the 6502 C compiler

A free, maintainted, mature C compiler, assembler, linker, and utilities for the 6502.  No OSI port yet.

srecord

A very powerful binary file manipulation utility.  It reads and writes numerous binary formats, including OS65V, and can write BASIC DATA and assembler .db statements.

Universal integrated Microsoft 6502 BASIC source

Recompilable disassembly of Microsoft 6502 BASIC, with conditional asssembly switches, which can assemble to several byte-accurate versions of Microsoft 6502 BASIC, including OSI (including the GC bug), Commodore (v1 and v2), Applesoft (v1 and v2), KIM-1 basic, and more.  Very interesting.  This site contains a large number of other interesting articles as well.

 More News:

04-Dec-2011: Restored topics and posts from the OLD OSIforum, before it was destroyed by over-spam.  Since the database of legit. posts was small, I was able to reconstruct it by hand, and add them to the existing forum.  If this was a C64 or Apple board, that would be impossible (too big)!  Unfortunately, posting dates and times were lost.  There's some interesting stuff there, however.

02-Dec-2011: Added Josh's guide to repairing OSI keyboard switches. A great, detailed document with many pictures!

19-Nov-2011: Added manual for DAC1 music program (by OSI).  Thanks to Steve Gray for the scan!

17-Nov-2011: Added scans of schematics for the 525 dual port static RAM board, and the 550 16-port serial board.  Thanks to Glitch for the contribution!

13-Nov-2011: Added C1P/C1PMF Introductory Manual, TOSIE and Aardvark Scans, and an interesting C1P ROM replacement (manual in German).  Thanks to Steve Gray!

05-Nov-2011: Added Manuals for D&N MEM-CM9 (thanks to Steve Gray!) and D&N 8K RAM.

11-Oct-2011: Added manual for OSI 560Z card (including software listing) courtesy of Bill Dromgoole.  THANKS Bill!!

9-Oct-2011: Added links to the (nearly) complete Peek(65) journal collection, with annotation of highlights.  Check it out!

9-Oct-2011:  Added manual for the OSI-500 board, the immediate predecessor of the 502 card.  Courtesy of Bill Dromgoole.  Thanks!

Credits:

Thanks to Steve Carroll, our local OSI dealer in Memphis Tennessee, who never complained about a couple of kids hanging out in his shop, and was something of a mentor and teacher to use younger OSI enthusiasts.  I don't know where you are now, Steve, but thanks!

Earl Morris contributed plenty of documentation and hardware to the effort.  Earl also helped make much of that documentation (such as the journals) interesting by contributing high-mileage articles.

Mark Spankus has contributed a heap of documentation, some of which I'm still parsing, as well as expert discussion, including an excellent exposition on the floppy format, and the floppy image format for the emulator.  Also, mark has a fantastic online catalog of OSI boards, with high quality photos, manuals, and schematics, of much value to anybody interested in OSI machines.  He also developed the excellent Win-OSI emulator, which was adapted from Thomas Buescher's original version. 

Douglas Scanned a great number of documents that would otherwise be impossible to find.  These were passed on to me by Mark Spankus.

Bill Dromgoole contributed Manuals and software for the 500 and 560Z boards

Steve Gray contributed scans of the C1P Introductory Manual, TOSIE and Aardvark journals, D&N MEM-CM9 and 8K RAM board manuals, and more.

Graeme  contributed CEGMON and HEXDOS users guides, and scans of several journals.

Glitch contributed some hard-to-find hardware manuals/schematics, including the 525 dual port RAM board, and the 550 multi-serial board.

Philip Lord contributed the Memory Utility and game of NIM from the OSI small systems journal.

I hope I didn't leave anybody out.  If I did, please let me know and I will fix it!